Menstrual cramps : Reasons and Treatment

 Menstruation, often known as a period, is the natural vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Many women experience painful periods, often known as dysmenorrhea. Menstrual cramps, a throbbing, cramping pain in your lower abdomen, are the most common cause of discomfort. Other symptoms may include lower back discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is not the same as period discomfort. PMS manifests itself in a variety of ways, including weight gain, bloating, irritability, and exhaustion. PMS usually begins one to two weeks before your menstruation.

What causes menstrual pain?

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. Each type has different causes.

Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common kind of period pain. It is period pain that is not caused by another condition.

They are caused by the contractions of the uterus as it sheds its lining during the menstrual cycle.

The inner lining of the uterus called the endometrium, builds up each month in preparation for a potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the uterus contracts to expel the unused endometrial lining, resulting in menstrual bleeding. These contractions are triggered by the release of hormone-like substances called prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins are involved in various bodily functions, including inflammation and muscle contractions. During menstruation, high levels of prostaglandins are released, leading to increased uterine contractions. These contractions can temporarily decrease blood flow to the uterus, causing pain and cramping.

Period pain can also be caused by contraceptive devices like an intrauterine device (IUD) which is a type of contraception made from copper and plastic that fits inside the womb. It can also sometimes cause period pain, particularly during the first few months after it's inserted.

The intensity of period cramps can vary from mild to severe, and some individuals may experience more discomfort than others.

In addition to cramping, individuals may also experience other symptoms during their period, such as lower back pain, bloating, headaches, and fatigue. These symptoms are often referred to as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and are related to hormonal changes in the body.

Secondary dysmenorrhea often appears later in life. Endometriosis and uterine fibroids are two disorders that affect your uterus or other reproductive organs. This type of discomfort frequently worsens with time. It might start before your period and last till your period is over.

What can you do to ease your period pain?

There are various methods for managing period cramps, including over-the-counter pain relievers, applying heat to the lower abdomen, gentle exercise, and relaxation techniques. If the pain is severe or significantly impacts daily life, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and potential treatment options.

 1. Over-the-counter pain relievers

 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium, can help reduce menstrual cramps. Follow the instructions and dosage guidelines on the package.

2. Heat therapy

Applying a heating pad, hot water bottle, or taking a warm bath or shower can help relax the muscles and alleviate pain.

3. Exercise

 Engaging in light physical activity, such as walking or gentle stretching, can help increase blood flow and relieve cramps. However, listen to your body and avoid intense exercise if it exacerbates your pain.

4. Dietary adjustments

 Some people find that reducing their intake of caffeine, alcohol, and salty foods can help minimize bloating and fluid retention, which may contribute to discomfort. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may also be beneficial.

5. Herbal remedies

 Certain herbal teas, such as chamomile, ginger, or peppermint tea, might provide relief for some individuals. However, it's essential to research any herbal remedies and consult with a healthcare professional before trying them, as they may have interactions with medications or other potential risks.

6. Relaxation techniques

 Practices like deep breathing, meditation, or gentle yoga can help reduce stress and relax the body, potentially alleviating pain.

7. Avoid alcohol and tobacco

 It may also help to get enough rest and avoid using alcohol and tobacco.

When should you seek medical help?

Some pain during your period is common for many women. However, you should consult your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms:

• NSAIDs and self-care techniques are ineffective, and the discomfort disrupts your life.

• Your cramps worsen rapidly.

• You're over 25, and you're experiencing terrible cramps for the first time.

• You have a fever and are experiencing period discomfort.

Period pain is common and a normal part of your menstrual cycle. Most women get it at some point in their lives. It may also vary with each period. Some periods may cause little or no discomfort, while others may be more painful. But if your period cramp is unbearable or can't be relived even using painkillers then you should see a Doctor.